Caesar gave a speech in which he spoke of „. the Pork law and other laws that allowed the condemned the alternative of exile.“ In „History of the Roman Exile“ we learn that „. Exilium was a voluntary act by which a citizen could escape legal punishment by leaving the community. Exile, also called exile, has a long tradition as a form of punishment. It was known in ancient Rome, where the Senate had the power to banish individuals, entire families, or countries (which amounted to a declaration of war). Many countries established a government-in-exile after the loss of sovereignty associated with World War II: none of these measures, however, can serve to legitimize a government-in-exile to become the internationally recognized legal government of its current location. By definition, he speaks of a government in exile in relation to his homeland; Therefore, it must return to its homeland and regain power there in order to gain legitimacy as the legal government of this geographical area. Being in exile means being away from home (village, city, city, state, province, territory or even country) while being explicitly denied permission to return or threatened with imprisonment or death upon return. During a foreign occupation or after a coup, a government-in-exile of such an affected country may be installed abroad.
One of the best-known examples is the Polish government-in-exile, a government-in-exile that commanded Polish forces operating outside Poland after the German occupation during World War II. Other examples are Charles de Gaulle`s Free French Forces government at the same time and the Central Tibetan Administration, commonly known as the Tibetan government-in-exile and headed by the 14th Dalai Lama. Comfortable exile is an alternative theory developed by anthropologist Binesh Balan in 2018. According to him, comfortable exile is a „social exile of people who have been excluded from mainstream society. These people are considered „foreigners“ or „others“ internally because of their religious, racial, ethnic, linguistic or caste identity, and therefore migrate to a comfortable place elsewhere after risking their lives to restore representation, identity and civil rights in their own country, and often acquire a comfortable identity to be part of a dominant religion. Society or culture. [11] Here is an incomplete list of recent forced exiles: The term diaspora describes collective, voluntary and forced exile. „Government in exile“ describes the government of a country that has moved and asserts its legitimacy from outside that country. Voluntary exile is often described as a form of protest by the person claiming it to avoid persecution and persecution (such as tax or criminal charges), an act of shame or repentance, or isolation so that time can be devoted to a particular persecution. Judges in Georgia, Mississippi, Arkansas, Florida and Kentucky still have intrastate exile as an option when sentencing. Although the Mississippi Court of Appeals has stated that exile must be reasonably similar to the purposes of probation, including rehabilitation, and that the constitutional rights of the accused must not be violated. Some states find that exile benefits a criminal by disconnecting him from other criminal friends in his home country.
Exile is also still used by various Indian tribes to banish criminals from reservations. The United States should adopt a form of exile based on the Roman „Exile“. There were three levels of what we would call exile in Roman law. Relegation, shorter duration without loss of citizenship rights; the aquae et ignis interdictio, similar to the relegatio, of shorter duration, but with loss of civil rights; and deportation, the forced banishment of a foreigner to a fixed place for life for committing a crime or illegal status. When a large group, or sometimes an entire people or nation, is sent into exile, it can be said that this nation is in exile or in the „diaspora“. Among the nations that have lived in exile for some time are the Jews, who were deported by the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II in 586 BC and after the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 AD. Many Jewish prayers include the desire to return to Jerusalem and the Jewish homeland. [12] Among the nations that have been in exile for a long time are the Jews who were deported from Babylon in 597 BCE by Nebuchadnezzar II and again in the years following the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE. The Jewish diaspora lasted more than two thousand years, until the creation of the modern state of Israel in 1948, which finally opened the possibility of returning to its ancestral homeland.
Diaspora Jewry brought with it many distinct cultural developments within exiled communities. Theological reflection on the meaning of exile has led to the idea that God, who dwells among his people, also lives and suffers in exile. Hasidic master Israel Baal Shem Tov said, „Pray constantly for the glory of God that he may be delivered from exile.“ [4] In modern Israel, there is a Ministry of Diaspora Affairs, and Jews around the world are encouraged to make aliyah (Ascension) – to end their exile by emigrating to Israel. Exile can also be a self-imposed renunciation of one`s homeland. Self-exile is often practiced as a form of protest or to avoid persecution or persecution for criminal activities. Governments in exile often emerged during the occupation of war. For example, during the German expansion of World War II, many European governments and monarchs were forced to seek refuge in the United Kingdom rather than face certain destruction by the Nazis. Just as in a foreign occupation, a government-in-exile can be installed abroad after an internal coup. Criminals convicted of nonviolent crimes should have the option to voluntarily ban themselves for the duration of the maximum sentence that can be imposed under the law, very similar to relegation to civil law. This self-exile would give the convicted criminal the opportunity to choose his own place of exile, exile would be voluntary, and it would not result in the loss of citizenship. At the end of the time of self-exile, one could return to the United States.
A „government-in-exile“ is a political group that claims to be the legitimate government of a country, but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power and instead lives in a foreign country. Governments in exile usually assume that one day they will return to their homeland and return to power. One way for a person or company to use tax havens is to move to a particular country and become a tax resident there. Another way for an individual or company to use a tax haven is to create a separate legal entity (an „offshore company“, „offshore trust“ or foundation), subsidiary or holding company there. The assets are transferred to the new corporation or trust so that profits or income can be realized or generated within that legal entity rather than earned by the beneficial owner. After Medea was abandoned by Jason and became a murderess for revenge, she fled to Athens and married King Aegean and became the stepmother of the hero Theseus. Due to a conflict with him, she must leave the polis and go into exile. John William Waterhouse (1849-1917), the famous painting by the English Pre-Raphaelite painter Jason and Medea, depicts a key moment earlier when Medea attempts to poison Theseus. [17] Exile softened somewhat in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, just as exiles were welcomed in other countries.
There they could establish new communities in these countries or, less frequently, return to their country of origin after the fall of the regime that had sent them into exile. A wealthy citizen who moves to a jurisdiction with lower taxes is called a tax exile. Creative people such as writers and musicians who reach sudden wealth sometimes choose this solution. Examples include the British-Canadian writer Arthur Hailey, who moved to the Bahamas to avoid taxes after the overwhelming success of his novels Hotel and Airport,[3] and the English rock band Rolling Stones, who owed more taxes than they could pay in the spring of 1971 and left Britain before the government could confiscate their assets. The band members all moved to France for a while, where they recorded music for the album, which was later called Exile on Main Street, the main street of the title referencing the French Riviera. [4] In 2012, Eduardo Saverin, one of Facebook`s founders, made headlines when he renounced his U.S. citizenship before his company went public. [5] The decision of Brazilian and U.S.
citizens to move to Singapore and renounce their citizenship led to a bill in the U.S. Senate, the Ex-PATRIOT Act, that would have forced these wealthy tax exiles to pay a special tax to return to the United States. [6] Exile was mainly used for political opponents of those in power. The use of exile for political purposes serves the government by preventing its exiled adversary from organizing in his home country or becoming a martyr. On October 23, 2006, a United States judge imposed exile on a U.S. citizen for the first time in U.S. history.